The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 3, sentence 121
Akela, the grim old wolf who had never asked for mercy in his life, gave one piteous look at Mowgli as the boy stood all naked, his long black hair tossing over his shoulders in the light of the blazing branch that made the shadows jump and quiver.
Who acts: Akela, boy, long black hair, blazing branch, shadows · What happens: not ask, give, stand, toss, make, jump · To what, where: grim old wolf, one piteous look, Mowgli, long black hair, shoulders, blazing branch
This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Akela, boy, long black hair, blazing branch), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Akela | Akela | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 gave | nsubj |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 wolf | punct |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 wolf | det |
| 4 | grim | grim | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 wolf | amod |
| 5 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 wolf | amod |
| 6 | wolf | wolf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Akela | appos |
| 7 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 10 asked | nsubj:pass |
| 8 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 asked | aux |
| 9 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 10 asked | advmod |
| 10 | asked | ask | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 wolf | acl:relcl |
| 11 | for | for | ADP | _ | 12 mercy | case |
| 12 | mercy | mercy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 asked | obl |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 life | case |
| 14 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 life | nmod:poss |
| 15 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 mercy | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Akela | punct |
| 17 | gave | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 18 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 20 look | nummod |
| 19 | piteous | piteous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 look | amod |
| 20 | look | look | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 gave | obj |
| 21 | at | at | ADP | _ | 22 Mowgli | case |
| 22 | Mowgli | Mowgli | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 gave | obl |
| 23 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 26 stood | mark |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 boy | det |
| 25 | boy | boy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 stood | nsubj |
| 26 | stood | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 gave | advcl |
| 27 | all | all | ADV | _ | 28 naked | advmod |
| 28 | naked | naked | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 stood | xcomp |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 hair | punct |
| 30 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 33 hair | nmod:poss |
| 31 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 hair | amod |
| 32 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 hair | amod |
| 33 | hair | hair | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 stood | obl |
| 34 | tossing | toss | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 33 hair | acl |
| 35 | over | over | ADP | _ | 37 shoulders | case |
| 36 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 37 shoulders | nmod:poss |
| 37 | shoulders | shoulder | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 tossing | obl |
| 38 | in | in | ADP | _ | 40 light | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 light | det |
| 40 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 tossing | obl |
| 41 | of | of | ADP | _ | 44 branch | case |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 branch | det |
| 43 | blazing | blazing | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 44 branch | amod |
| 44 | branch | branch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 light | nmod |
| 45 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 46 made | nsubj |
| 46 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 44 branch | acl:relcl |
| 47 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 48 shadows | det |
| 48 | shadows | shadow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 49 jump | nsubj |
| 49 | jump | jump | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 46 made | ccomp |
| 50 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 51 quiver | cc |
| 51 | quiver | quiver | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 49 jump | conj |
| 52 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 17 gave | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not ask speech: ask | past · perfect · passive | the grim old wolf | for mercy in Akela's life | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | ||||
| 2 | give | past | Akela | one piteous look | Mowgli | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent look=Theme at mowgli=Asset | |||
| 3 | stand | past | the boy | Akela's long black hair | naked property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||
| 4 | toss | gerund | Akela's long black hair not said here | Akela's shoulders | in the light of the blazing branch | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent over shoulder=Destination | |||
| 5 | make | past | the blazing branch | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | jump | present | the shadows | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 7 | quiver | present | the shadows not said here | vn body_internal_states-40.6 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 8 | light | the blazing branch | nom light «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/3/121/