The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 5, sentence 4
It was useless to look down, for he could only see the topsides of the branches, so he stared upward and saw, far away in the blue, Rann the Kite balancing and wheeling as he kept watch over the jungle waiting for things to die.
Who acts: It, Bagheera, Kite balancing, jungle · What happens: be, look down, see, stare, wheel, keep · To what, where: topsides, jungle
This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (It, Bagheera, Kite balancing, jungle), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 useless | nsubj |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 useless | cop |
| 3 | useless | useless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 look | mark |
| 5 | look | look | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 useless | xcomp |
| 6 | down | down | ADP | _ | 5 look | compound:prt |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 see | punct |
| 8 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 12 see | mark |
| 9 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 see | nsubj |
| 10 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 12 see | aux |
| 11 | only | only | ADV | _ | 12 see | advmod |
| 12 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 look | conj |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 topsides | det |
| 14 | topsides | topside | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 see | obj |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 branches | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 branches | det |
| 17 | branches | branch | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 topsides | nmod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 stared | punct |
| 19 | so | so | ADV | _ | 21 stared | advmod |
| 20 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 stared | nsubj |
| 21 | stared | stare | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 useless | parataxis |
| 22 | upward | upward | ADV | _ | 21 stared | advmod |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 saw | cc |
| 24 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 stared | conj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 away | punct |
| 26 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 27 away | advmod |
| 27 | away | away | ADV | _ | 24 saw | advmod |
| 28 | in | in | ADP | _ | 30 blue | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 blue | det |
| 30 | blue | blue | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 away | obl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 Rann | punct |
| 32 | Rann | Rann | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 useless | obl |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 balancing | det |
| 34 | Kite | Kite | PROPN | Number=Sing | 35 balancing | compound |
| 35 | balancing | balancing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 Rann | appos |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 wheeling | cc |
| 37 | wheeling | wheel | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 35 balancing | acl |
| 38 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 40 kept | mark |
| 39 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 40 kept | nsubj |
| 40 | kept | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 37 wheeling | advcl |
| 41 | watch | watch | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 40 kept | xcomp |
| 42 | over | over | ADP | _ | 44 jungle | case |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 jungle | det |
| 44 | jungle | jungle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 watch | obl |
| 45 | waiting | wait | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 44 jungle | acl |
| 46 | for | for | ADP | _ | 47 things | case |
| 47 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 45 waiting | obl |
| 48 | to | to | PART | _ | 49 die | mark |
| 49 | die | die | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 47 things | acl |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 useless | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | It | Rann obl; useless property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | look down | to-infinitive | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | ||||||
| 3 | see | could | Bagheera | the topsides of the branches | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer topside=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | stare | past | Bagheera | upward property | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | see | past | Bagheera not said here | away property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 6 | wheel | gerund | the Kite balancing not said here | vn drive-11.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | keep | past | Bagheera | tree rules | |||||
| 8 | watch | infinitive | Bagheera not said here | the jungle | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent over jungle=Location | ||||
| 9 | wait | gerund | the jungle not said here | for things | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 10 | die | to-infinitive | the jungle not said here | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/5/4/