The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 6, sentence 44
That same cloud was being watched by two good friends in the ruined ditch below the city wall, for Bagheera and Kaa, knowing well how dangerous the Monkey-People were in large numbers, did not wish to run any risks.
Who acts: two good friends · What happens: watch, ruin, know, not wish, run · To what, where: same cloud, dangerous People, risks
This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (two good friends), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | That | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 cloud | det |
| 2 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 cloud | amod |
| 3 | cloud | cloud | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 watched | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 watched | aux:pass |
| 5 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 6 watched | aux:pass |
| 6 | watched | watch | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 7 | by | by | ADP | _ | 10 friends | case |
| 8 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 10 friends | nummod |
| 9 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 friends | amod |
| 10 | friends | friend | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 watched | obl |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 ditch | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 ditch | det |
| 13 | ruined | ruin | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 ditch | amod |
| 14 | ditch | ditch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 friends | nmod |
| 15 | below | below | ADP | _ | 18 wall | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 wall | det |
| 17 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 wall | compound |
| 18 | wall | wall | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 ditch | nmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 Bagheera | punct |
| 20 | for | for | ADP | _ | 21 Bagheera | case |
| 21 | Bagheera | Bagheera | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 watched | obl |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 Kaa | cc |
| 23 | Kaa | Kaa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 Bagheera | conj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 knowing | punct |
| 25 | knowing | know | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 6 watched | advcl |
| 26 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 25 knowing | advmod |
| 27 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 28 dangerous | advmod |
| 28 | dangerous | dangerous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 People | amod |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 People | det |
| 30 | Monkey | monkey | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 People | nsubj |
| 31 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 32 People | punct |
| 32 | People | People | PROPN | Number=Plur | 25 knowing | obl |
| 33 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 People | acl:relcl |
| 34 | in | in | ADP | _ | 36 numbers | case |
| 35 | large | large | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 numbers | amod |
| 36 | numbers | number | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 were | obl |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 wish | punct |
| 38 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 40 wish | aux |
| 39 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 40 wish | advmod |
| 40 | wish | wish | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 33 were | conj |
| 41 | to | to | PART | _ | 42 run | mark |
| 42 | run | run | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 40 wish | xcomp |
| 43 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 44 risks | det |
| 44 | risks | risk | NOUN | Number=Plur | 42 run | obj |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 watched | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | watch | past · passive | two good friends in the ruined ditch below the city wall | that same cloud | for Bagheera and Kaa | vn search-35.2 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent subject=Location for bagheera=Theme | |||
| 2 | ruin | participle | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | know | gerund | two good friends in the ruined ditch below the city wall not said here | the dangerous People | well property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||
| 4 | not wish | past · do-support | two good friends in the ruined ditch below the city wall not said here | vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | |||||
| 5 | run not said to happen | to-infinitive | two good friends in the ruined ditch below the city wall not said here | any risks | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme risk=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/6/44/