The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 9, sentence 14
They charged down on him, and he ran just before them to the foot of the ravine, as Akela drove the bulls far to the left.
Who acts: bulls, Brother, Akela · What happens: charge down, run, drive · To what, where: bulls
This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bulls, Brother, Akela), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 charged | nsubj |
| 2 | charged | charge | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | down | down | ADP | _ | 2 charged | compound:prt |
| 4 | on | on | ADP | _ | 5 him | case |
| 5 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 charged | obl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 ran | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 ran | cc |
| 8 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 ran | nsubj |
| 9 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 charged | parataxis |
| 10 | just | just | ADV | _ | 11 before | advmod |
| 11 | before | before | ADP | _ | 12 them | case |
| 12 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 ran | obl |
| 13 | to | to | ADP | _ | 15 foot | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 foot | det |
| 15 | foot | foot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 ran | obl |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 ravine | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 ravine | det |
| 18 | ravine | ravine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 foot | nmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 drove | punct |
| 20 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 22 drove | mark |
| 21 | Akela | Akela | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 drove | nsubj |
| 22 | drove | drive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 ran | conj |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 bulls | det |
| 24 | bulls | bull | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 drove | obj |
| 25 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 24 bulls | advmod |
| 26 | to | to | ADP | _ | 28 left | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 left | det |
| 28 | left | left | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 far | obl |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 charged | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | charge down | past | bulls = bull | on Brother | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on he=Trajectory | ||||
| 2 | run | past | Brother | before bulls = bull | to the foot of the ravine result | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to foot=Result | |||
| 3 | drive | past | Akela | the bulls | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bull=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/9/14/