The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 9, sentence 152
Mowgli laughed a little short ugly laugh, for a stone had hit him in the mouth.
Who acts: Mowgli · What happens: laugh, hit · To what, where: little short ugly laugh, stone, mouth
This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mowgli), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mowgli | Mowgli | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 laughed | nsubj |
| 2 | laughed | laugh | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 laugh | det |
| 4 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 laugh | amod |
| 5 | short | short | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 laugh | amod |
| 6 | ugly | ugly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 laugh | amod |
| 7 | laugh | laugh | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 laughed | obj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 hit | punct |
| 9 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 13 hit | mark |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 stone | det |
| 11 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 hit | nsubj:pass |
| 12 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 hit | aux |
| 13 | hit | hit | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 laughed | parataxis |
| 14 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 hit | obj |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 mouth | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 mouth | det |
| 17 | mouth | mouth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 hit | obl |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 laughed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | laugh | past | Mowgli | a little short ugly laugh | vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent laugh=Theme | ||||
| 2 | hit | past · perfect · passive | a stone | the mouth | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP ADJP»: subject=Patient he=Result |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/9/152/