The Book of Dragons, Opening, part 1, sentence 100
"Sire, your great-great-great-great-great-grandfather's death happened when my grandfather was a little boy," said the Prime Minister, "and since then your loyal people have been saving up to buy you a crown--so much a week, you know, according to people's means--sixpence a week from those who have first-rate pocket money, down to a halfpenny a week from those who haven't so much.
Who acts: Sire, grandfather, loyal people, you, according, first rate · What happens: happen, be, say, save up, buy, know · To what, where: little boy, crown, you, people, sixpence, those · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sire, grandfather, loyal people, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Sire | punct |
| 2 | Sire | sire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 happened | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 Sire | punct |
| 4 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 grandfather | nmod:poss |
| 5 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 grandfather | amod |
| 6 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 5 great | punct |
| 7 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 grandfather | amod |
| 8 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 7 great | punct |
| 9 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 grandfather | amod |
| 10 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 9 great | punct |
| 11 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 grandfather | amod |
| 12 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 11 great | punct |
| 13 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 grandfather | amod |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 13 great | punct |
| 15 | grandfather | grandfather | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 death | nmod:poss |
| 16 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 15 grandfather | case |
| 17 | death | death | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 happened | nsubj |
| 18 | happened | happen | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 19 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 25 boy | mark |
| 20 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 grandfather | nmod:poss |
| 21 | grandfather | grandfather | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 boy | nsubj |
| 22 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 boy | cop |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 boy | det |
| 24 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 boy | amod |
| 25 | boy | boy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 said | advcl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 boy | punct |
| 27 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 25 boy | punct |
| 28 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 happened | parataxis |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 Minister | det |
| 30 | Prime | Prime | PROPN | _ | 31 Minister | compound |
| 31 | Minister | Minister | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 said | ccomp |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 Minister | punct |
| 33 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 28 said | punct |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 saving | cc |
| 35 | since | since | ADP | _ | 36 then | case |
| 36 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 42 saving | obl |
| 37 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 39 people | nmod:poss |
| 38 | loyal | loyal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 people | amod |
| 39 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 42 saving | nsubj |
| 40 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 42 saving | aux |
| 41 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 42 saving | aux |
| 42 | saving | save | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 28 said | advcl |
| 43 | up | up | ADP | _ | 42 saving | compound:prt |
| 44 | to | to | PART | _ | 45 buy | mark |
| 45 | buy | buy | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 42 saving | advcl |
| 46 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 45 buy | iobj |
| 47 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 48 crown | det |
| 48 | crown | crown | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 buy | obj |
| 49 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 53 week | punct |
| 50 | so | so | ADV | _ | 51 much | advmod |
| 51 | much | much | ADV | _ | 53 week | advmod |
| 52 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 53 week | det |
| 53 | week | week | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 saving | obl:unmarked |
| 54 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 56 know | punct |
| 55 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 56 know | nsubj |
| 56 | know | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 42 saving | parataxis |
| 57 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 62 means | punct |
| 58 | according | accord | VERB | ExtPos=ADP Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 62 means | csubj |
| 59 | to | to | ADP | _ | 58 according | fixed |
| 60 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 58 according | obj |
| 61 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 60 people | case |
| 62 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 42 saving | parataxis |
| 63 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 64 sixpence | punct |
| 64 | sixpence | sixpence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 62 means | obj |
| 65 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 66 week | det |
| 66 | week | week | NOUN | Number=Sing | 64 sixpence | nmod:unmarked |
| 67 | from | from | ADP | _ | 68 those | case |
| 68 | those | that | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 64 sixpence | nmod |
| 69 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 70 have | nsubj |
| 70 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 68 those | acl:relcl |
| 71 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 73 rate | amod |
| 72 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 71 first | punct |
| 73 | rate | rate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 75 money | nsubj |
| 74 | NOUN | Number=Sing | 75 money | compound | ||
| 75 | money | money | NOUN | Number=Sing | 70 have | ccomp |
| 76 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 77 down | punct |
| 77 | down | down | ADV | _ | 64 sixpence | advmod |
| 78 | to | to | ADP | _ | 80 halfpenny | case |
| 79 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 80 halfpenny | det |
| 80 | halfpenny | halfpenny | NOUN | Number=Sing | 77 down | obl |
| 81 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 82 week | det |
| 82 | week | week | NOUN | Number=Sing | 84 those | obl:unmarked |
| 83 | from | from | ADP | _ | 84 those | case |
| 84 | those | that | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 64 sixpence | nmod |
| 85 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 86 have | nsubj |
| 86 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 84 those | acl:relcl |
| 87 | n't | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 86 have | advmod |
| 88 | so | so | ADV | _ | 89 much | advmod |
| 89 | much | much | ADV | _ | 86 have | advmod |
| 90 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 18 happened | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | happen in a quote | past | Sire | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | is a in a quote | past | my grandfather | a little boy | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | past | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 4 | save up in a quote | present · perfect · progressive | your loyal people | week | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | buy in a quote | to-infinitive | your loyal people not said here | a crown | you | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary crown=Theme | |||
| 6 | know in a quote | present | you | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 7 | accord in a quote | gerund | people | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent people=Theme | |||||
| 8 | mean in a quote | present | according | sixpence a week | those | from those | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sixpence=Topic | ||
| 9 | have in a quote | present | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 10 | money in a quote | first rate | tree rules | ||||||
| 11 | not have in a quote | present | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 12 | die in a quote | your great great great great great grandfather | nom death «event intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, Project Gutenberg book 23661 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg23661/1/100/