The Book of Dragons, Opening, part 10, sentence 114
Just then they heard a dry, rustling clatter on the rocks above them and a snorting sound. "
Who acts: wings · What happens: hear, rustle, snort · To what, where: dry, clatter, rocks
This is a sentence of «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, Opening, part 10. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Just | just | ADV | _ | 4 heard | advmod |
| 2 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 heard | advmod |
| 3 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 heard | nsubj |
| 4 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 dry | det |
| 6 | dry | dry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 heard | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 rustling | punct |
| 8 | rustling | rustle | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 heard | advcl |
| 9 | clatter | clatter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 rustling | obj |
| 10 | on | on | ADP | _ | 12 rocks | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 rocks | det |
| 12 | rocks | rock | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 rustling | obl |
| 13 | above | above | ADP | _ | 14 them | case |
| 14 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 rocks | nmod |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 sound | cc |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 sound | det |
| 17 | snorting | snort | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 18 sound | amod |
| 18 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 them | conj |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 heard | punct |
| 20 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 heard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past | wings = wing | a dry | then | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer dry=Stimulus | |||
| 2 | rustle | gerund | wings = wing not said here | clatter | the rocks above wings | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location clatter=Theme | |||
| 3 | snort | gerund | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, Project Gutenberg book 23661 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg23661/10/114/