The Book of Dragons, Opening, part 11, sentence 28
The Princess could see nothing for the steam, and she stood crying bitterly, but still holding on tight with her right hand to the other end of the cord that Nigel had told her to hold; while with her left she held the ship's chronometer, and looked at it through her tears as he had bidden her look, so as to know when to pull the rope.
Who acts: Princess, Nigel, cord · What happens: see, stand, cry, hold on, tell, hold · To what, where: nothing, cord, Princess, chronometer, look, rope · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, Opening, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Princess, Nigel, cord), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Princess | det |
| 2 | Princess | princess | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 see | nsubj |
| 3 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 see | aux |
| 4 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 4 see | obj |
| 6 | for | for | ADP | _ | 8 steam | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 steam | det |
| 8 | steam | steam | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 nothing | nmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 stood | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 stood | cc |
| 11 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 stood | nsubj |
| 12 | stood | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 see | conj |
| 13 | crying | cry | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 12 stood | xcomp |
| 14 | bitterly | bitterly | ADV | _ | 13 crying | advmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 holding | punct |
| 16 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 18 holding | cc |
| 17 | still | still | ADV | _ | 18 holding | advmod |
| 18 | holding | hold | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 12 stood | advcl |
| 19 | on | on | ADP | _ | 18 holding | compound:prt |
| 20 | tight | tight | ADV | _ | 18 holding | advmod |
| 21 | with | with | ADP | _ | 24 hand | case |
| 22 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 hand | nmod:poss |
| 23 | right | right | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 hand | amod |
| 24 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 holding | obl |
| 25 | to | to | ADP | _ | 28 end | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 end | det |
| 27 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 end | amod |
| 28 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 holding | obl |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 cord | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 cord | det |
| 31 | cord | cord | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 end | nmod |
| 32 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 35 told | mark |
| 33 | Nigel | Nigel | PROPN | Number=Sing | 35 told | nsubj |
| 34 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 35 told | aux |
| 35 | told | tell | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 31 cord | acl:relcl |
| 36 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 told | iobj |
| 37 | to | to | PART | _ | 38 hold | mark |
| 38 | hold | hold | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 35 told | xcomp |
| 39 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 45 held | punct |
| 40 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 45 held | mark |
| 41 | with | with | ADP | _ | 43 left | case |
| 42 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 43 left | nmod:poss |
| 43 | left | left | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 held | obl |
| 44 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 45 held | nsubj |
| 45 | held | hold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 see | parataxis |
| 46 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 ship | det |
| 47 | ship | ship | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 chronometer | nmod:poss |
| 48 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 47 ship | case |
| 49 | chronometer | chronometer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 held | obj |
| 50 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 52 looked | punct |
| 51 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 52 looked | cc |
| 52 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 45 held | conj |
| 53 | at | at | ADP | _ | 54 it | case |
| 54 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 52 looked | obl |
| 55 | through | through | ADP | _ | 57 tears | case |
| 56 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 57 tears | nmod:poss |
| 57 | tears | tear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 52 looked | obl |
| 58 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 61 bidden | mark |
| 59 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 61 bidden | nsubj |
| 60 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 61 bidden | aux |
| 61 | bidden | bid | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 52 looked | advcl |
| 62 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 63 look | nmod:poss |
| 63 | look | look | NOUN | Number=Sing | 61 bidden | obj |
| 64 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 68 know | punct |
| 65 | so | so | ADV | _ | 68 know | advmod |
| 66 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 68 know | mark |
| 67 | to | to | PART | _ | 68 know | mark |
| 68 | know | know | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 see | conj |
| 69 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 71 pull | advmod |
| 70 | to | to | PART | _ | 71 pull | mark |
| 71 | pull | pull | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 68 know | xcomp |
| 72 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 73 rope | det |
| 73 | rope | rope | NOUN | Number=Sing | 71 pull | obj |
| 74 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 see | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | could | the Princess | nothing | for the steam | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer nothing=Stimulus | |||
| 2 | stand | past | Princess | vn admire-31.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 3 | cry speech: express | gerund | Princess not said here | bitterly property | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | hold on | gerund | Princess not said here | to the other end of the cord; still | with Princess's right hand; tight property | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 5 | tell speech: assert | past · perfect | Nigel | the cord not said here | Princess | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent she=Recipient clause=Topic | |||
| 6 | hold not said to happen | to-infinitive | the cord not said here | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 7 | hold | past | Princess | the ship's chronometer | with Princess's left | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chronometer=Theme | |||
| 8 | look | past | Princess not said here | at end | through Princess's tears | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at it=Theme | |||
| 9 | bid | past · perfect | Nigel | Princess's look | tree rules | ||||
| 10 | know | to-infinitive | the Princess not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 11 | pull | to-infinitive | the Princess not said here | the rope | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rope=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, Project Gutenberg book 23661 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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