The Book of Dragons, The Dragon Tamers], sentence 140
"Oh, dear," said the dragon, "this is awful."
Who acts: dragon, this · What happens: say, be · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, The Dragon Tamers]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dragon, this), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 said | punct |
| 2 | Oh | oh | INTJ | _ | 7 said | discourse |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 Oh | punct |
| 4 | dear | dear | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 Oh | xcomp |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 Oh | punct |
| 6 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Oh | punct |
| 7 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 dragon | det |
| 9 | dragon | dragon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 said | obj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 awful | punct |
| 11 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 awful | punct |
| 12 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 14 awful | nsubj |
| 13 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 awful | cop |
| 14 | awful | awful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 said | ccomp |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 said | punct |
| 16 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | the dragon | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | is in a quote | present | this | awful property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, Project Gutenberg book 23661 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg23661/12/140/