The Book of Dragons, The Dragon Tamers], sentence 4
He was too poor to live in a proper house, and no one asked any rent for the rooms in the ruin, because all the lords of the castle were dead and gone this many a year.
Who acts: blacksmith, one, lords · What happens: be, live, ask, go · To what, where: proper house, rent, many
This is a sentence of «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, The Dragon Tamers]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (blacksmith, one, lords), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 poor | nsubj |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 poor | cop |
| 3 | too | too | ADV | _ | 4 poor | advmod |
| 4 | poor | poor | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 live | mark |
| 6 | live | live | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 poor | advcl |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 house | case |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 house | det |
| 9 | proper | proper | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 house | amod |
| 10 | house | house | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 live | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 asked | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 asked | cc |
| 13 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 14 one | det |
| 14 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 asked | nsubj |
| 15 | asked | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 poor | conj |
| 16 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 17 rent | det |
| 17 | rent | rent | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 asked | obj |
| 18 | for | for | ADP | _ | 20 rooms | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 rooms | det |
| 20 | rooms | room | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 rent | nmod |
| 21 | in | in | ADP | _ | 23 ruin | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 ruin | det |
| 23 | ruin | ruin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 rooms | nmod |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 dead | punct |
| 25 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 33 dead | mark |
| 26 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 28 lords | det:predet |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 lords | det |
| 28 | lords | lord | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 dead | nsubj |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 castle | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 castle | det |
| 31 | castle | castle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 lords | nmod |
| 32 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 33 dead | cop |
| 33 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 asked | advcl |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 gone | cc |
| 35 | gone | go | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 33 dead | conj |
| 36 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 37 many | nsubj |
| 37 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 gone | obj |
| 38 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 39 year | det |
| 39 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 many | obl:unmarked |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 poor | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | blacksmith | poor property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | live | to-infinitive | blacksmith not said here | a proper house | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in house=Location | ||||
| 3 | ask speech: ask | past | no one | any rent | for the rooms in the ruin | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent rent=Recipient | |||
| 4 | is | past | all lords of the castle | dead property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | go | participle | all lords of the castle not said here | many | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location many=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, Project Gutenberg book 23661 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg23661/12/4/