The Book of Dragons, The Dragon Tamers], sentence 43

"It must have come up those nasty broken steps from goodness knows where," said the blacksmith to himself, trembling all over, as he tried to creep back up the winding stairs.

Who acts: side, those, goodness, blacksmith · What happens: come up, break, step, know, say, tremble · To what, where: goodness, winding stairs · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, The Dragon Tamers]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (side, those, goodness, blacksmith), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 come	punct
2	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 come	nsubj
3	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 come	aux
4	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 come	aux
5	come	come	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	17 said	ccomp
6	up	up	ADV	_	5 come	advmod
7	those	that	PRON	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	10 steps	nsubj
8	nasty	nasty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 steps	amod
9	broken	break	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 steps	amod
10	steps	step	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 said	nsubj
11	from	from	SCONJ	_	13 knows	mark
12	goodness	goodness	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 knows	nsubj
13	knows	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 steps	advcl
14	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	13 knows	advmod
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 knows	punct
16	"	"	PUNCT	_	13 knows	punct
17	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 blacksmith	det
19	blacksmith	blacksmith	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 said	obj
20	to	to	ADP	_	21 himself	case
21	himself	himself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	17 said	obl
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 trembling	punct
23	trembling	tremble	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	17 said	advcl
24	all	all	ADV	_	25 over	advmod
25	over	over	ADV	_	23 trembling	advmod
26	,	,	PUNCT	_	29 tried	punct
27	as	as	SCONJ	_	29 tried	mark
28	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	29 tried	nsubj
29	tried	try	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	23 trembling	conj
30	to	to	PART	_	31 creep	mark
31	creep	creep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	29 tried	xcomp
32	back	back	ADV	_	31 creep	advmod
33	up	up	ADP	_	36 stairs	case
34	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	36 stairs	det
35	winding	winding	NOUN	Number=Sing	36 stairs	compound
36	stairs	stair	NOUN	Number=Plur	31 creep	obl
37	.	.	PUNCT	_	17 said	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	to whom	where	other	roles by
1	come up in a quote	must · perfect	side				vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	break in a quote	participle					vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient
3	step in a quote		those				tree rules
4	know in a quote	present	goodness				vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
5	say speech: assert	past	the blacksmith	goodness			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to himself=Recipient clause=Topic
6	tremble	gerund	the blacksmith not said here			over property	vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
7	try	past	goodness				vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
8	creep back not said to happen	to-infinitive	goodness not said here		the winding stairs		vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme up stair=Trajectory

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, Project Gutenberg book 23661 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg23661/12/43/