The Book of Dragons, The Dragon Tamers], sentence 55
"So I understood you to say before," said John, his teeth chattering.
Who acts: John, teeth · What happens: understand, say, chatter · To what, where: you · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, The Dragon Tamers]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (John, teeth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 understood | punct |
| 2 | So | so | ADV | _ | 4 understood | advmod |
| 3 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 4 understood | nsubj |
| 4 | understood | understand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 said | ccomp |
| 5 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 4 understood | obj |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 say | mark |
| 7 | say | say | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 understood | xcomp |
| 8 | before | before | ADV | _ | 7 say | advmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 understood | punct |
| 10 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 understood | punct |
| 11 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | John | John | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 said | nsubj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 teeth | punct |
| 14 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 teeth | nmod:poss |
| 15 | teeth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 John | appos |
| 16 | chattering | chatter | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 15 teeth | acl |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | understand in a quote | past | John | you | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert in a quote | to-infinitive | John not said here | before property | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | past | John | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | chatter | gerund | John's teeth not said here | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, Project Gutenberg book 23661 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg23661/12/55/