The Book of Dragons, Kind Little Edmund], sentence 195
And when he began to laugh his laughter echoed in the mouth of the cave till it sounded like the laughter of a whole castleful of giants.
Who acts: doubt, laughter · What happens: begin, laugh, echo, sound · To what, where: laughter, mouth
This is a sentence of «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, Kind Little Edmund]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (doubt, laughter), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 echoed | cc |
| 2 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 began | advmod |
| 3 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 began | nsubj |
| 4 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 echoed | parataxis |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 laugh | mark |
| 6 | laugh | laugh | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 began | xcomp |
| 7 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 laughter | nmod:poss |
| 8 | laughter | laughter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 laugh | obj |
| 9 | echoed | echo | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 mouth | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 mouth | det |
| 12 | mouth | mouth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 echoed | obl |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 cave | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 cave | det |
| 15 | cave | cave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 mouth | nmod |
| 16 | till | till | SCONJ | _ | 18 sounded | mark |
| 17 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 sounded | nsubj |
| 18 | sounded | sound | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 echoed | advcl |
| 19 | like | like | ADP | _ | 21 laughter | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 laughter | det |
| 21 | laughter | laughter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 sounded | obl |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 castleful | case |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 castleful | det |
| 24 | whole | whole | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 castleful | amod |
| 25 | castleful | castleful | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 laughter | nmod |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 27 giants | case |
| 27 | giants | giant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 castleful | nmod |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 echoed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | begin | past | doubt | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 2 | laugh | to-infinitive | doubt not said here | doubt's laughter | vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent laughter=Theme | ||||
| 3 | echo | past | the mouth of the cave | vn sound_existence-47.4 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in mouth=Location | |||||
| 4 | sound | past | laughter | like the laughter of a whole castleful of giants | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, Project Gutenberg book 23661 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg23661/14/195/