The Book of Dragons, Kind Little Edmund], sentence 204
And Edmund found the courage to cry "Ha, ha!" which sounded like tremendous laughter in the echo of the cave.
Who acts: Edmund · What happens: find, cry, sound · To what, where: courage, echo
This is a sentence of «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, Kind Little Edmund]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Edmund), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 found | cc |
| 2 | Edmund | Edmund | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 found | nsubj |
| 3 | found | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 courage | det |
| 5 | courage | courage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 found | obj |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 cry | mark |
| 7 | cry | cry | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 courage | acl |
| 8 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 Ha | punct |
| 9 | Ha | ha | INTJ | _ | 7 cry | discourse |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 ha | punct |
| 11 | ha | ha | INTJ | _ | 3 found | discourse |
| 12 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 3 found | punct |
| 13 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 found | punct |
| 14 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 15 sounded | nsubj |
| 15 | sounded | sound | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 found | parataxis |
| 16 | like | like | ADP | _ | 18 laughter | case |
| 17 | tremendous | tremendous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 laughter | amod |
| 18 | laughter | laughter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 sounded | obl |
| 19 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 echo | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 echo | det |
| 21 | echo | echo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 sounded | obl |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 cave | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 cave | det |
| 24 | cave | cave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 echo | nmod |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 found | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | find | past | Edmund | the courage | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent courage=Topic | ||||
| 2 | cry speech: express | to-infinitive | Edmund not said here | the courage not said here | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | sound | past | the echo of the cave | like tremendous laughter | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in echo=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, Project Gutenberg book 23661 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg23661/14/204/