The Book of Dragons, Kind Little Edmund], sentence 27

He had to go to school next day, and he was caned for being absent without leave--although he very straightforwardly explained that he had been too busy making the lantern to have time to come to school.

Who acts: boy · What happens: have, go, cane, be, explain, make · To what, where: school, boy, lantern · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, Kind Little Edmund]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 had	nsubj
2	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 go	mark
4	go	go	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 had	xcomp
5	to	to	ADP	_	6 school	case
6	school	school	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 go	obl
7	next	next	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 day	amod
8	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 go	obl:unmarked
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 caned	punct
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 caned	cc
11	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 caned	nsubj
12	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 caned	aux:pass
13	caned	cane	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 had	conj
14	for	for	ADP	_	16 absent	case
15	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	16 absent	cop
16	absent	absent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 caned	obl
17	without	without	ADP	_	18 leave	case
18	leave	leave	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 caned	obl
19	--	--	PUNCT	_	24 explained	punct
20	although	although	SCONJ	_	24 explained	mark
21	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 explained	nsubj
22	very	very	ADV	_	23 straightforwardly	advmod
23	straightforwardly	straightforwardly	ADV	_	24 explained	advmod
24	explained	explain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 caned	parataxis
25	that	that	SCONJ	_	30 busy	mark
26	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	30 busy	nsubj
27	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	30 busy	aux
28	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	30 busy	cop
29	too	too	ADV	_	30 busy	advmod
30	busy	busy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 explained	ccomp
31	making	make	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	30 busy	advcl
32	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	33 lantern	det
33	lantern	lantern	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 making	obj
34	to	to	PART	_	35 have	mark
35	have	have	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	31 making	advcl
36	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	35 have	obj
37	to	to	PART	_	38 come	mark
38	come	come	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	36 time	acl
39	to	to	ADP	_	40 school	case
40	school	school	NOUN	Number=Sing	38 come	obl
41	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 had	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	past	boy					tree rules
2	go	to-infinitive	boy not said here		school	day		vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to school=Initial_Location
3	cane	past · passive		boy			without leave	vn spank-18.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
4	is	gerund					absent property	tree rules
5	explain speech: assert	past	boy				straightforwardly property	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
6	is	past · perfect	boy				busy property	tree rules
7	make	gerund	boy not said here	the lantern				vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset lantern=Product
8	have	to-infinitive	boy not said here			time		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
9	come	to-infinitive	boy not said here		school			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to school=Initial_Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, Project Gutenberg book 23661 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg23661/14/27/