The Book of Dragons, Opening, part 3, sentence 84
A flight of purple dragons must have crossed the island in the night, and this poor one must have knocked its wing and broken it against the pillar.
What happens: cross, knock, break · To what, where: flight, poor one
This is a sentence of «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, Opening, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 flight | det |
| 2 | flight | flight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 crossed | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 dragons | case |
| 4 | purple | purple | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 dragons | amod |
| 5 | dragons | dragon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 flight | nmod |
| 6 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 8 crossed | aux |
| 7 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 8 crossed | aux |
| 8 | crossed | cross | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 island | det |
| 10 | island | island | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 crossed | obj |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 night | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 night | det |
| 13 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 crossed | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 knocked | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 knocked | cc |
| 16 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 18 one | det |
| 17 | poor | poor | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 one | amod |
| 18 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 knocked | nsubj:pass |
| 19 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 21 knocked | aux |
| 20 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 21 knocked | aux |
| 21 | knocked | knock | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 crossed | conj |
| 22 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 wing | nmod:poss |
| 23 | wing | wing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 knocked | obj |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 broken | cc |
| 25 | broken | break | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 21 knocked | conj |
| 26 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 broken | obj |
| 27 | against | against | ADP | _ | 29 pillar | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 pillar | det |
| 29 | pillar | pillar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 broken | obl |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 crossed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cross | must · perfect · passive | a flight of purple dragons | night | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | knock | must · perfect · passive | this poor one | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Destination wing=Theme | |||||
| 3 | break | participle | flight | against the pillar | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, Project Gutenberg book 23661 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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