The Book of Dragons, Opening, part 7, sentence 43
He had been to school, so he knew that these were only the Aurora Borealis, or Northern Lights.
Who acts: fiddlestick, these · What happens: be, know · To what, where: Northern Lights, Aurora Borealis
This is a sentence of «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, Opening, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fiddlestick, these), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 school | nsubj |
| 2 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 school | aux |
| 3 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 5 school | cop |
| 4 | to | to | ADP | _ | 5 school | case |
| 5 | school | school | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 knew | punct |
| 7 | so | so | ADV | _ | 9 knew | advmod |
| 8 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 knew | nsubj |
| 9 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 school | acl:relcl |
| 10 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 16 Borealis | mark |
| 11 | these | this | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 16 Borealis | nsubj |
| 12 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 Borealis | cop |
| 13 | only | only | ADV | _ | 16 Borealis | advmod |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 Borealis | det |
| 15 | Aurora | Aurora | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 Borealis | compound |
| 16 | Borealis | Borealis | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 knew | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 Lights | punct |
| 18 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 20 Lights | cc |
| 19 | Northern | northern | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 Lights | amod |
| 20 | Lights | light | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 knew | obl |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 school | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past · perfect | fiddlestick | to school | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | know | past | fiddlestick | Northern Lights | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer school=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | is a | past | these | the Aurora Borealis | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, Project Gutenberg book 23661 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg23661/7/43/