The Book of Dragons, Opening, part 8, sentence 77
Then, speaking very loud so as to be heard over the howls of Jane, George said: "Yah--who's afraid?
Who acts: George, Yah, Jane · What happens: speak, hear, say, be, howl · To what, where: howls · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (George, Yah, Jane), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 18 said | advmod |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Then | punct |
| 3 | speaking | speak | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 18 said | ccomp |
| 4 | very | very | ADV | _ | 5 loud | advmod |
| 5 | loud | loud | ADV | _ | 3 speaking | advmod |
| 6 | so | so | ADV | _ | 18 said | advmod |
| 7 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 10 heard | mark |
| 8 | to | to | PART | _ | 10 heard | mark |
| 9 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 10 heard | aux:pass |
| 10 | heard | hear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 said | advcl |
| 11 | over | over | ADP | _ | 13 howls | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 howls | det |
| 13 | howls | howl | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 heard | obl |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 Jane | case |
| 15 | Jane | Jane | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 howls | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 heard | punct |
| 17 | George | George | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 said | nsubj |
| 18 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 19 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 21 Yah | punct |
| 20 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 21 Yah | punct |
| 21 | Yah | Yah | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 said | nsubj |
| 22 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 25 afraid | punct |
| 23 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 25 afraid | nsubj |
| 24 | 's | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 afraid | cop |
| 25 | afraid | afraid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 Yah | amod |
| 26 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 18 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | speak speech: other | gerund | loud property | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | hear | to-infinitive · passive | George not said here | the howls of Jane | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus» | ||||
| 3 | say speech: ask | past | George | then | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 4 | is in a quote | present | Yah | afraid property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | howl | Jane | nom howl «communication intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, Project Gutenberg book 23661 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg23661/8/77/