The Book of Dragons, Opening, part 9, sentence 22
"We've no friends left to help us," said George.
Who acts: George · What happens: leave, help, say · To what, where: friends, us · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, Opening, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (George), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 've | punct |
| 2 | We | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 3 've | nsubj |
| 3 | 've | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 said | ccomp |
| 4 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 5 friends | det |
| 5 | friends | friend | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 've | obj |
| 6 | left | leave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 friends | acl |
| 7 | to | to | PART | _ | 8 help | mark |
| 8 | help | help | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 left | advcl |
| 9 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 8 help | obj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 've | punct |
| 11 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 've | punct |
| 12 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 13 | George | George | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 said | nsubj |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | leave in a quote | participle | no friends not said here | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | help in a quote | to-infinitive | us | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Beneficiary | |||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | past | George | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, Project Gutenberg book 23661 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg23661/9/22/