The Book of Dragons, Opening, part 9, sentence 54
But I do know that whoever has lighted those fires again, it is certainly not the sealskin dwarfs.
Who acts: I, Borealis · What happens: know, light, not be · To what, where: whoever, sealskin dwarfs · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, Opening, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, Borealis), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 4 know | cc |
| 2 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 4 know | nsubj |
| 3 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 know | aux |
| 4 | know | know | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 8 lighted | mark |
| 6 | whoever | whoever | PRON | PronType=Rel | 8 lighted | nsubj:pass |
| 7 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 lighted | aux |
| 8 | lighted | light | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 know | ccomp |
| 9 | those | that | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 10 fires | det |
| 10 | fires | fire | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 lighted | obj |
| 11 | again | again | ADV | _ | 8 lighted | advmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 dwarfs | punct |
| 13 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 dwarfs | nsubj |
| 14 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 dwarfs | cop |
| 15 | certainly | certainly | ADV | _ | 19 dwarfs | advmod |
| 16 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 19 dwarfs | advmod |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 dwarfs | det |
| 18 | sealskin | sealskin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 dwarfs | compound |
| 19 | dwarfs | dwarf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 lighted | obl |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 know | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | know | present · do-support | I | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | light | present · perfect · passive | whoever | again | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: subject=Beneficiary fire=Product | ||||
| 3 | not is a | present | Borealis | the sealskin dwarfs | certainly property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Book of Dragons» by E. Nesbit, Project Gutenberg book 23661 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg23661/9/54/