The Crimson Fairy Book, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 25, sentence 131
“Whose horses are these?” he asked of the man who was watching them.
Who acts: horses, man · What happens: be, ask, watch · To what, where: these, paws · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 25. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (horses, man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 asked | punct |
| 2 | Whose | whose | PRON | Poss=Yes PronType=Rel | 3 horses | nmod:poss |
| 3 | horses | horse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 asked | nsubj |
| 4 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 these | cop |
| 5 | these | this | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 3 horses | nmod |
| 6 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 3 horses | punct |
| 7 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 horses | punct |
| 8 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 asked | nsubj |
| 9 | asked | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 man | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 man | det |
| 12 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 asked | obl |
| 13 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 15 watching | nsubj |
| 14 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 watching | aux |
| 15 | watching | watch | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 12 man | acl:relcl |
| 16 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 watching | obj |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 asked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a in a quote | present | these | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | ask speech: ask | past | horses | of the man | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V PP.recipient how S»: agent=Agent of man=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | watch | past · progressive | the man | paws = paw | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 2435 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2435/25/131/