The Crimson Fairy Book, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 25, sentence 144
“What has happened?” asked the ogre, trembling with fright.
Who acts: ogre · What happens: happen, ask, tremble · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 25. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ogre), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 happened | punct |
| 2 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 4 happened | nsubj |
| 3 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 happened | aux |
| 4 | happened | happen | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 7 asked | parataxis |
| 5 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 4 happened | punct |
| 6 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 happened | punct |
| 7 | asked | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 ogre | det |
| 9 | ogre | ogre | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 asked | obj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 trembling | punct |
| 11 | trembling | tremble | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 asked | advcl |
| 12 | with | with | ADP | _ | 13 fright | case |
| 13 | fright | fright | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 trembling | obl |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 asked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | happen in a quote | present · perfect | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 2 | ask speech: ask | past | the ogre | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | tremble | gerund | the ogre not said here | with fright | vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 2435 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2435/25/144/