The Crimson Fairy Book, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 26, sentence 95

The youth began to sob, and stammered out: “I—I hardly know how to tell you!

Who acts: youth, I · What happens: begin, sob, stammer out, know, tell · To what, where: you · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 26. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (youth, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 youth	det
2	youth	youth	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 began	nsubj
3	began	begin	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 sob	mark
5	sob	sob	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 began	xcomp
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 stammered	punct
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 stammered	cc
8	stammered	stammer	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 began	parataxis
9	out	out	ADP	_	8 stammered	compound:prt
10	:	:	PUNCT	_	19 tell	punct
11	“	"	PUNCT	_	19 tell	punct
12	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	16 know	nsubj
13	—	-	PUNCT	_	12 I	punct
14	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	16 know	nsubj
15	hardly	hardly	ADV	_	16 know	advmod
16	know	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 tell	parataxis
17	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	19 tell	advmod
18	to	to	PART	_	19 tell	mark
19	tell	tell	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 stammered	conj
20	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	19 tell	iobj
21	!	!	PUNCT	_	3 began	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	to whom	other	roles by
1	begin	past	the youth			vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
2	sob	to-infinitive	the youth not said here			vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	stammer out speech: other	past				vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	know in a quote	present	I		hardly property	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
5	tell speech: assert in a quote	to-infinitive		you		vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent you=Recipient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 2435 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2435/26/95/