The Crimson Fairy Book, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 31, sentence 21
Once upon a time a shepherd was taking his flock out to pasture, when he found a little baby lying in a meadow, left there by some wicked person, who thought it was too much trouble to look after it.
Who acts: shepherd, little baby, wicked person, baby · What happens: take out, pasture, find, lie, leave, think · To what, where: flock, little baby, meadow, much trouble · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Crimson Fairy Book, part 31. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (shepherd, little baby, wicked person, baby), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 8 taking | advmod |
| 2 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 4 time | case |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 time | det |
| 4 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 taking | obl |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 shepherd | det |
| 6 | shepherd | shepherd | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 taking | nsubj |
| 7 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 taking | aux |
| 8 | taking | take | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 9 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 flock | nmod:poss |
| 10 | flock | flock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 taking | obj |
| 11 | out | out | ADV | _ | 8 taking | advmod |
| 12 | to | to | PART | _ | 13 pasture | mark |
| 13 | pasture | pasture | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 taking | advcl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 found | punct |
| 15 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 17 found | advmod |
| 16 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 found | nsubj |
| 17 | found | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 taking | conj |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 baby | det |
| 19 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 baby | amod |
| 20 | baby | baby | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 found | obj |
| 21 | lying | lie | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 20 baby | acl |
| 22 | in | in | ADP | _ | 24 meadow | case |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 meadow | det |
| 24 | meadow | meadow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 lying | obl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 left | punct |
| 26 | left | leave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 24 meadow | acl |
| 27 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 26 left | advmod |
| 28 | by | by | ADP | _ | 31 person | case |
| 29 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 31 person | det |
| 30 | wicked | wicked | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 person | amod |
| 31 | person | person | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 left | obl |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 thought | punct |
| 33 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 34 thought | nsubj |
| 34 | thought | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 person | acl:relcl |
| 35 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 39 trouble | nsubj |
| 36 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 39 trouble | cop |
| 37 | too | too | ADV | _ | 38 much | advmod |
| 38 | much | much | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 trouble | amod |
| 39 | trouble | trouble | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 thought | ccomp |
| 40 | to | to | PART | _ | 41 look | mark |
| 41 | look | look | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 39 trouble | acl |
| 42 | after | after | ADP | _ | 43 it | case |
| 43 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 41 look | obl |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 taking | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | take out | past · progressive | a shepherd | Shepherd's flock | time | once, out property | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flock=Theme | ||
| 2 | pasture | to-infinitive | a shepherd not said here | vn pocket-9.10 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | find | past | Shepherd | a little baby | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent baby=Topic | ||||
| 4 | lie | gerund | a little baby not said here | a meadow | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in meadow=Location | ||||
| 5 | leave | participle | a meadow not said here | there | by some wicked person | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent by person=Location | |||
| 6 | think speech: other | past | some wicked person | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | is a | past | baby | much trouble | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | look | to-infinitive | some wicked person not said here | after baby | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Crimson Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 2435 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2435/31/21/