Grimms' Fairy Tales, Hans in Luck, sentence 18
Hans was delighted as he sat on the horse, drew himself up, squared his elbows, turned out his toes, cracked his whip, and rode merrily off, one minute whistling a merry tune, and another singing,
Who acts: Hans, horseman, one minute · What happens: be, sit, draw up, square, turn out, crack · To what, where: horseman, elbows, toes, whip, singing, merry tune
This is a sentence of «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, Hans in Luck. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hans, horseman, one minute), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hans | han | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 delighted | nsubj |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 delighted | cop |
| 3 | delighted | delighted | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 4 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 6 sat | mark |
| 5 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 sat | nsubj |
| 6 | sat | sit | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 delighted | advcl |
| 7 | on | on | ADP | _ | 9 horse | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 horse | det |
| 9 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 sat | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 drew | punct |
| 11 | drew | draw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 sat | conj |
| 12 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 11 drew | obj |
| 13 | up | up | ADP | _ | 11 drew | compound:prt |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 squared | punct |
| 15 | squared | square | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 drew | conj |
| 16 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 elbows | nmod:poss |
| 17 | elbows | elbow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 squared | obj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 turned | punct |
| 19 | turned | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 squared | parataxis |
| 20 | out | out | ADP | _ | 19 turned | compound:prt |
| 21 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 toes | nmod:poss |
| 22 | toes | toe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 turned | obj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 cracked | punct |
| 24 | cracked | crack | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 turned | conj |
| 25 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 26 whip | nmod:poss |
| 26 | whip | whip | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 cracked | obj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 rode | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 rode | cc |
| 29 | rode | ride | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 delighted | conj |
| 30 | merrily | merrily | ADV | _ | 31 off | advmod |
| 31 | off | off | ADV | _ | 29 rode | advmod |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 minute | punct |
| 33 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 34 minute | nummod |
| 34 | minute | minute | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 rode | obl |
| 35 | whistling | whistle | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 34 minute | acl |
| 36 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 tune | det |
| 37 | merry | merry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 tune | amod |
| 38 | tune | tune | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 whistling | obj |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 singing | punct |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 singing | cc |
| 41 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 42 singing | det |
| 42 | singing | singing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 rode | obl |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 delighted | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | Hans | delighted property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | sit | past | horseman | on the horse | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on horse=Location | ||||
| 3 | draw up | past | horseman not said here | horseman | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Theme | ||||
| 4 | square | past | horseman not said here | horseman's elbows | vn harmonize-22.6 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme elbow=Co-Theme | ||||
| 5 | turn out | past | horseman's toes | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location toe=Theme | |||||
| 6 | crack | past | horseman's whip | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location whip=Theme | |||||
| 7 | ride | past | Hans not said here | another singing | minute | off property | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent | ||
| 8 | whistle | gerund | one minute not said here | a merry tune | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tune=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, Project Gutenberg book 2591 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2591/3/18/