Grimms' Fairy Tales, The Juniper-tree, sentence 40
‘What have you done!’ said her mother, ‘but no one must know about it, so you must keep silence; what is done can’t be undone; we will make him into puddings.’
Who acts: you, one, we · What happens: do, say, know, keep, not undo, make · To what, where: mother, silence, brother, puddings · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, The Juniper-tree. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, one, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ‘ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 5 done | punct |
| 2 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 5 done | obj |
| 3 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 done | aux |
| 4 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 5 done | nsubj |
| 5 | done | do | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 8 said | ccomp |
| 6 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 5 done | punct |
| 7 | ’ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 5 done | punct |
| 8 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 mother | nmod:poss |
| 10 | mother | mother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 said | obj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 know | punct |
| 12 | ‘ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 17 know | punct |
| 13 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 17 know | cc |
| 14 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 15 one | det |
| 15 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 know | nsubj |
| 16 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 17 know | aux |
| 17 | know | know | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 said | conj |
| 18 | about | about | ADP | _ | 19 it | case |
| 19 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 know | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 keep | punct |
| 21 | so | so | ADV | _ | 24 keep | advmod |
| 22 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 24 keep | nsubj |
| 23 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 24 keep | aux |
| 24 | keep | keep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 know | conj |
| 25 | silence | silence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 keep | obj |
| 26 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 29 done | punct |
| 27 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 29 done | nsubj:pass |
| 28 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 done | aux:pass |
| 29 | done | do | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 know | ccomp |
| 30 | ca | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 33 undone | aux |
| 31 | n’t | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 33 undone | advmod |
| 32 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 33 undone | aux:pass |
| 33 | undone | undo | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 29 done | conj |
| 34 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 37 make | punct |
| 35 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 37 make | nsubj |
| 36 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 37 make | aux |
| 37 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 said | parataxis |
| 38 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 37 make | obj |
| 39 | into | into | ADP | _ | 40 puddings | case |
| 40 | puddings | pudding | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 make | obl |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 37 make | punct |
| 42 | ’ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 37 make | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | do | present · perfect | you | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality | |||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | thought's mother | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | know | must | no one | about head | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | keep | must | you | silence | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent silence=Theme | ||||
| 5 | do | present · passive | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality | ||||||
| 6 | not undo | can · passive | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP» | ||||||
| 7 | make | future | we | brother | puddings | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent he=Material into pudding=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, Project Gutenberg book 2591 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2591/38/40/