Grimms' Fairy Tales, The Raven, sentence 78
Another told him that he had found a cloak which rendered its wearer invisible; and the third had caught a horse which would carry its rider over any obstacle, and even up the glass mountain.
Who acts: Another, God, cloak, horse · What happens: tell, find, render, catch, carry · To what, where: God, cloak, wearer, third, rider, obstacle · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, The Raven. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Another, God, cloak, horse), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Another | another | PRON | PronType=Ind | 2 told | nsubj |
| 2 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 told | iobj |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 7 found | mark |
| 5 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 found | nsubj |
| 6 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 found | aux |
| 7 | found | find | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 2 told | ccomp |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 cloak | det |
| 9 | cloak | cloak | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 found | obj |
| 10 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 11 rendered | nsubj |
| 11 | rendered | render | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 cloak | acl:relcl |
| 12 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 wearer | nmod:poss |
| 13 | wearer | wearer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 rendered | obj |
| 14 | invisible | invisible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 rendered | xcomp |
| 15 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 20 caught | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 caught | cc |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 third | det |
| 18 | third | third | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 caught | nsubj:pass |
| 19 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 caught | aux |
| 20 | caught | catch | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 told | parataxis |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 horse | det |
| 22 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 caught | obj |
| 23 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 25 carry | nsubj |
| 24 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 25 carry | aux |
| 25 | carry | carry | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 horse | acl:relcl |
| 26 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 27 rider | nmod:poss |
| 27 | rider | rider | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 carry | obj |
| 28 | over | over | ADP | _ | 30 obstacle | case |
| 29 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 30 obstacle | det |
| 30 | obstacle | obstacle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 carry | obl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 mountain | punct |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 mountain | cc |
| 33 | even | even | ADV | _ | 37 mountain | advmod |
| 34 | up | up | ADP | _ | 37 mountain | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 mountain | det |
| 36 | glass | glass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 mountain | compound |
| 37 | mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 caught | obl |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 told | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tell speech: assert | past | Another | God | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | find | past · perfect | God | a cloak | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cloak=Topic | ||||
| 3 | render | past | a cloak | cloak's wearer | invisible property | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wearer=Theme | |||
| 4 | catch | past · perfect · passive | the third | up the glass mountain | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: subject=Beneficiary horse=Theme | ||||
| 5 | carry | would | a horse | third's rider | any obstacle | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rider=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, Project Gutenberg book 2591 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2591/47/78/