Grimms' Fairy Tales, The Seven Ravens, sentence 23
On a sudden she heard a fluttering and croaking in the air, and the dwarf said, ‘Here come my masters.’
Who acts: sister, dwarf · What happens: hear, flutter, croak, say, come · To what, where: a, air, masters · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, The Seven Ravens. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sister, dwarf), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | On | on | ADP | _ | 3 sudden | case |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 sudden | det |
| 3 | sudden | sudden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 4 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 heard | nsubj |
| 5 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 sudden | parataxis |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 heard | obj |
| 7 | fluttering | flutter | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 6 a | acl |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 croaking | cc |
| 9 | croaking | croak | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 7 fluttering | conj |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 air | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 air | det |
| 12 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 croaking | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 said | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 said | cc |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 dwarf | det |
| 16 | dwarf | dwarf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 said | nsubj |
| 17 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 heard | parataxis |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 come | punct |
| 19 | ‘ | ‘ | PUNCT | _ | 21 come | punct |
| 20 | Here | here | ADV | PronType=Dem | 21 come | advmod |
| 21 | come | come | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 said | ccomp |
| 22 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 masters | nmod:poss |
| 23 | masters | master | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 come | obj |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 sudden | punct |
| 25 | ’ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 3 sudden | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past | sister | a | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer a=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | flutter | gerund | vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 3 | croak | gerund | the air | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | say speech: assert | past | the dwarf | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 5 | come | infinitive | my masters | here | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location master=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Grimms' Fairy Tales» by Jacob Grimm, Project Gutenberg book 2591 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg2591/53/23/