Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, Tenth Evening, sentence 18

And because he was startled, he foolishly lashed his horses, while he held the reins so tightly that the poor beasts were in a foam: they were young and fiery.

Who acts: coachman, poor beasts, beasts · What happens: startle, lash, hold, be · To what, where: coachman, horses, reins, foam

This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Tenth Evening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (coachman, poor beasts, beasts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	And	and	CCONJ	_	9 lashed	cc
2	because	because	SCONJ	_	5 startled	mark
3	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 startled	nsubj
4	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 startled	aux:pass
5	startled	startle	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 lashed	advcl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 startled	punct
7	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 lashed	nsubj
8	foolishly	foolishly	ADV	_	9 lashed	advmod
9	lashed	lash	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 horses	nmod:poss
11	horses	horse	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 lashed	obj
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 held	punct
13	while	while	SCONJ	_	15 held	mark
14	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 held	nsubj
15	held	hold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 lashed	conj
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 reins	det
17	reins	rein	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 held	obj
18	so	so	ADV	_	19 tightly	advmod
19	tightly	tightly	ADV	_	15 held	advmod
20	that	that	SCONJ	_	27 foam	mark
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 beasts	det
22	poor	poor	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 beasts	amod
23	beasts	beast	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 foam	nsubj
24	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	27 foam	cop
25	in	in	ADP	_	27 foam	case
26	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	27 foam	det
27	foam	foam	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 tightly	advcl
28	:	:	PUNCT	_	31 young	punct
29	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	31 young	nsubj
30	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	31 young	cop
31	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 lashed	parataxis
32	and	and	CCONJ	_	33 fiery	cc
33	fiery	fiery	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 young	conj
34	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 lashed	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	startle	past · passive		coachman			vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer
2	lash	past	coachman	coachman's horses		foolishly property	vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horse=Patient
3	hold	past	coachman	the reins		tightly property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rein=Theme
4	is	past	the poor beasts		a foam		tree rules
5	is	past	beasts = beast			young property	tree rules
6	be		beasts = beast not said here				tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/101/18/