Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, Thirty-first Evening, sentence 2
He said, "I looked down from the silent sky upon the driving clouds, and saw the great shadows chasing each other across the earth.
Who acts: Moon, great shadows · What happens: say, look down, see, chase · To what, where: great shadows, each, earth · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Thirty-first Evening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Moon, great shadows), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 said | nsubj |
| 2 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 looked | punct |
| 4 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 looked | punct |
| 5 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 6 looked | nsubj |
| 6 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 said | ccomp |
| 7 | down | down | ADV | _ | 6 looked | advmod |
| 8 | from | from | ADP | _ | 11 sky | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 sky | det |
| 10 | silent | silent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 sky | amod |
| 11 | sky | sky | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 looked | obl |
| 12 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 15 clouds | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 clouds | det |
| 14 | driving | driving | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 clouds | compound |
| 15 | clouds | cloud | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 looked | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 saw | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 saw | cc |
| 18 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 said | conj |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 shadows | det |
| 20 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 shadows | amod |
| 21 | shadows | shadow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 saw | obj |
| 22 | chasing | chase | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 21 shadows | acl |
| 23 | each | each | DET | ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp | 22 chasing | obj |
| 24 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 each | fixed |
| 25 | across | across | ADP | _ | 27 earth | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 earth | det |
| 27 | earth | earth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 chasing | obl |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | Moon | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | look down in a quote | past | Moon | upon the driving clouds; from the silent sky; down property | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent from sky=Theme | ||||
| 3 | see in a quote | past | Moon not said here | the great shadows | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer shadow=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | chase in a quote | gerund | the great shadows not said here | each | the earth | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent each=Theme across earth=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/122/2/