Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Old Bachelor's Nightcap, sentence 13
These "pepper gentlemen," or, as they are called in England, "old bachelors," are often made a butt of ridicule; they are told to put on their nightcaps, draw them over their eyes, and go to sleep.
Who acts: These, gentlemen · What happens: gentleman, call, make, tell, put, draw · To what, where: gentlemen, England, pepper gentlemen, nightcaps, eyes, sleep · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Old Bachelor's Nightcap. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (These, gentlemen), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | These | this | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 4 gentlemen | nsubj |
| 2 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 gentlemen | punct |
| 3 | pepper | pepper | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 gentlemen | compound |
| 4 | gentlemen | gentleman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 made | nsubj:pass |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 gentlemen | punct |
| 6 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 gentlemen | punct |
| 7 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 12 called | cc |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 called | punct |
| 9 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 12 called | mark |
| 10 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 called | nsubj:pass |
| 11 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 called | aux:pass |
| 12 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 gentlemen | conj |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 England | case |
| 14 | England | England | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 called | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 England | punct |
| 16 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 18 bachelors | punct |
| 17 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 bachelors | amod |
| 18 | bachelors | bachelor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 England | appos |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 bachelors | punct |
| 20 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 18 bachelors | punct |
| 21 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 made | aux:pass |
| 22 | often | often | ADV | _ | 23 made | advmod |
| 23 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 butt | det |
| 25 | butt | butt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 made | obj |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 27 ridicule | case |
| 27 | ridicule | ridicule | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 butt | nmod |
| 28 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 31 told | punct |
| 29 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 told | nsubj:pass |
| 30 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 told | aux:pass |
| 31 | told | tell | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 23 made | conj |
| 32 | to | to | PART | _ | 33 put | mark |
| 33 | put | put | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 31 told | xcomp |
| 34 | on | on | ADP | _ | 36 nightcaps | case |
| 35 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 36 nightcaps | nmod:poss |
| 36 | nightcaps | nightcap | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 put | obl |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 draw | punct |
| 38 | draw | draw | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 33 put | conj |
| 39 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 draw | obj |
| 40 | over | over | ADP | _ | 42 eyes | case |
| 41 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 42 eyes | nmod:poss |
| 42 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 draw | obl |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 go | punct |
| 44 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 45 go | cc |
| 45 | go | go | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 23 made | parataxis |
| 46 | to | to | ADP | _ | 47 sleep | case |
| 47 | sleep | sleep | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 go | obl |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 23 made | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | gentleman in a quote | These | tree rules | ||||||
| 2 | call speech: assert | present · passive | gentlemen = gentleman | England | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | make | present · passive | pepper gentlemen | often property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: subject=Beneficiary butt=Product | ||||
| 4 | tell speech: assert | present · passive | gentlemen = gentleman | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic | |||||
| 5 | put not said to happen | to-infinitive | gentlemen = gentleman not said here | gentlemen's nightcaps | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent on nightcap=Destination | ||||
| 6 | draw | infinitive | gentlemen = gentleman not said here | gentlemen = gentleman | gentlemen's eyes | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme | |||
| 7 | go | infinitive | sleep | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to sleep=Initial_Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/128/13/