Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Old House, sentence 111

It was winter, and the windows were quite frozen, so the little boy was obliged to breathe on the panes, and rub a hole to peep through at the old house.

Who acts: piano, winter · What happens: be, freeze, oblige, breathe, rub, peep · To what, where: winter, windows, little boy, panes, hole

This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Old House. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (piano, winter), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 winter	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 winter	cop
3	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 frozen	punct
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 frozen	cc
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 windows	det
7	windows	window	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 frozen	nsubj:pass
8	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 frozen	aux:pass
9	quite	quite	ADV	_	10 frozen	advmod
10	frozen	freeze	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 winter	acl:relcl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 obliged	punct
12	so	so	ADV	_	17 obliged	advmod
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 boy	det
14	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 boy	amod
15	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 obliged	nsubj:pass
16	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	17 obliged	aux:pass
17	obliged	oblige	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 frozen	conj
18	to	to	PART	_	19 breathe	mark
19	breathe	breathe	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	17 obliged	xcomp
20	on	on	ADP	_	22 panes	case
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 panes	det
22	panes	pane	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 breathe	obl
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 rub	punct
24	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 rub	cc
25	rub	rub	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	19 breathe	conj
26	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	27 hole	det
27	hole	hole	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 rub	obj
28	to	to	PART	_	29 peep	mark
29	peep	peep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	27 hole	acl
30	through	through	ADP	_	34 house	case
31	at	at	ADP	_	34 house	case
32	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	34 house	det
33	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	34 house	amod
34	house	house	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 peep	obl
35	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 winter	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is a	past	piano	winter			tree rules
2	freeze	past · passive	winter not said here	the windows			vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Result
3	oblige	past · passive		the little boy			vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: subject=Patient clause=Result
4	breathe	to-infinitive			the panes		vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Agent on pane=Destination
5	rub	infinitive		a hole			vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent hole=Theme
6	peep	to-infinitive		a hole not said here		through the old house	vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent through house=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/131/111/