Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Portuguese Duck, sentence 6

He ought to moderate his voice, like those little birds who are singing in the lime-trees over there in our neighbor's garden, but that is an art only acquired in polite society.

Who acts: drake, little birds, that · What happens: moderate, sing, be, acquire · To what, where: voice, lime trees, art, polite society

This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Portuguese Duck. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (drake, little birds, that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 moderate	nsubj
2	ought	ought	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 moderate	aux
3	to	to	PART	_	4 moderate	mark
4	moderate	moderate	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 voice	nmod:poss
6	voice	voice	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 moderate	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 birds	punct
8	like	like	ADP	_	11 birds	case
9	those	that	DET	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	11 birds	det
10	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 birds	amod
11	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 moderate	conj
12	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	14 singing	nsubj
13	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 singing	aux
14	singing	sing	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	11 birds	acl:relcl
15	in	in	ADP	_	19 trees	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 trees	det
17	lime	lime	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 trees	compound
18	-	-	PUNCT	_	17 lime	punct
19	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 singing	obl
20	over	over	ADV	_	21 there	advmod
21	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	14 singing	advmod
22	in	in	ADP	_	26 garden	case
23	our	our	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	24 neighbor	nmod:poss
24	neighbor	neighbor	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 garden	nmod:poss
25	's	's	PART	_	24 neighbor	case
26	garden	garden	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 singing	obl
27	,	,	PUNCT	_	32 art	punct
28	but	but	CCONJ	_	32 art	cc
29	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	32 art	nsubj
30	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	32 art	cop
31	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	32 art	det
32	art	art	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 moderate	parataxis
33	only	only	ADV	_	34 acquired	advmod
34	acquired	acquire	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	32 art	acl
35	in	in	ADP	_	37 society	case
36	polite	polite	ADJ	Degree=Pos	37 society	amod
37	society	society	NOUN	Number=Sing	34 acquired	obl
38	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 moderate	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	moderate	ought	drake	drake's voice			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent voice=Patient
2	sing speech: express	present · progressive	that little birds		the lime trees; there	in our neighbor's garden	vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in tree=Location
3	is a	present	that	a art			tree rules
4	acquire	participle		a art not said here	polite society		vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/145/6/