Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, Poultry Meg's Family, sentence 4
Crows and choughs flew screaming over the old trees, and there were crowds of birds; they did not seem to get fewer when any one shot among them, but seemed rather to increase.
Who acts: Crows, crowds · What happens: fly, scream, be, not seem, get, seem · To what, where: old trees, one shot
This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Poultry Meg's Family. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Crows, crowds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Crows | crow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 flew | nsubj |
| 2 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 choughs | cc |
| 3 | choughs | chough | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Crows | conj |
| 4 | flew | fly | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | screaming | scream | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 4 flew | xcomp |
| 6 | over | over | ADP | _ | 9 trees | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 trees | det |
| 8 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 trees | amod |
| 9 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 screaming | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 were | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 were | cc |
| 12 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 13 were | expl |
| 13 | were | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 flew | conj |
| 14 | crowds | crowd | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 were | nsubj |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 birds | case |
| 16 | birds | bird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 crowds | nmod |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 21 seem | punct |
| 18 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 seem | nsubj |
| 19 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 seem | aux |
| 20 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 21 seem | advmod |
| 21 | seem | seem | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 flew | conj |
| 22 | to | to | PART | _ | 23 get | mark |
| 23 | get | get | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 seem | xcomp |
| 24 | fewer | few | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 23 get | xcomp |
| 25 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 23 get | advmod |
| 26 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 28 shot | det |
| 27 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 28 shot | nummod |
| 28 | shot | shot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 get | obl:unmarked |
| 29 | among | among | ADP | _ | 30 them | case |
| 30 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 get | obl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 seemed | punct |
| 32 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 33 seemed | cc |
| 33 | seemed | seem | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 flew | conj |
| 34 | rather | rather | ADV | _ | 33 seemed | advmod |
| 35 | to | to | PART | _ | 36 increase | mark |
| 36 | increase | increase | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 34 rather | advcl |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 flew | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fly | past | Crows and choughs | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | scream speech: express | gerund | Crows and choughs not said here | the old trees | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over tree=Location | ||||
| 3 | be | past | crowds of birds | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | not seem | past · do-support | crowds = crowd | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute | |||||
| 5 | get | to-infinitive | crowds = crowd not said here | any one shot | among trees = tree; few property | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer | |||
| 6 | seem | past | Crows and choughs not said here | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 7 | increase | to-infinitive | Crows and choughs not said here | vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/149/4/