Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, A Story From the Sand-hills, part 5, sentence 94

The shifting sands had covered the graves in the courtyard, quite up to the church walls, but still, the dead must be buried among their relatives and the dear ones who had gone before them.

Who acts: shifting sands, dear ones · What happens: shift, cover, bury, go · To what, where: graves, dead, relatives

This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, A Story From the Sand-hills, part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (shifting sands, dear ones), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Checked tree. This sentence is in the tales treebank of Mova corpus 0.3 (gutenberg:pg27200:11104): parsed by Mova, then checked and patched by a teacher model under UD validation gates — Mova annot: Rust (en) → Claude Opus (medium) patches; gates UD 2.18.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 sands	det
2	shifting	shift	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 sands	amod
3	sands	sand	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 covered	nsubj
4	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 covered	aux
5	covered	cover	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 graves	det
7	graves	grave	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 covered	obj
8	in	in	ADP	_	10 courtyard	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 courtyard	det
10	courtyard	courtyard	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 graves	nmod
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 walls	punct
12	quite	quite	ADV	_	13 up	advmod
13	up	up	ADV	_	17 walls	advmod
14	to	to	ADP	_	17 walls	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 walls	det
16	church	church	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 walls	compound
17	walls	wall	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 covered	obl
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 buried	punct
19	but	but	CCONJ	_	26 buried	cc
20	still	still	ADV	_	26 buried	advmod
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 still	punct
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 dead	det
23	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	26 buried	nsubj:pass
24	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	26 buried	aux
25	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	26 buried	aux:pass
26	buried	bury	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 covered	conj
27	among	among	ADP	_	29 relatives	case
28	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	29 relatives	nmod:poss
29	relatives	relative	NOUN	Number=Plur	26 buried	obl
30	and	and	CCONJ	_	33 ones	cc
31	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	33 ones	det
32	dear	dear	ADJ	Degree=Pos	33 ones	amod
33	ones	one	NOUN	Number=Plur	29 relatives	conj
34	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	36 gone	nsubj
35	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	36 gone	aux
36	gone	go	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	33 ones	acl:relcl
37	before	before	ADP	_	38 them	case
38	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	36 gone	obl
39	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 covered	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	shift	gerund						vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient
2	cover	past · perfect	the shifting sands	the graves			to the church walls; in the courtyard	vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent grave=Destination in courtyard=Theme
3	bury	must · passive		the dead	walls's relatives and the dear ones	still		vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme among relative=Destination
4	go	past · perfect	the dear ones			before relatives = relative		vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme before they=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). Tree: the tales treebank of Mova corpus 0.3, Apache-2.0 OR MIT. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/162/94/