Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Shadow, sentence 106

"I beg your pardon," said the learned man; "it is an old habit, which it is difficult to break.

Who acts: learned man, pardon, old habit, your · What happens: beg, say, learn, be, break, pardon · To what, where: pardon, old habit · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Shadow. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (learned man, pardon, old habit, your), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 beg	punct
2	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	3 beg	nsubj
3	beg	beg	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 said	ccomp
4	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 pardon	nmod:poss
5	pardon	pardon	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 beg	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 beg	punct
7	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 beg	punct
8	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 man	det
10	learned	learn	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 man	amod
11	man	man	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 said	nsubj
12	;	;	PUNCT	_	18 habit	punct
13	"	"	PUNCT	_	18 habit	punct
14	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 habit	nsubj
15	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 habit	cop
16	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 habit	det
17	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 habit	amod
18	habit	habit	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 said	parataxis
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 difficult	punct
20	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	23 difficult	nsubj
21	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	23 difficult	expl
22	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	23 difficult	cop
23	difficult	difficult	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 habit	conj
24	to	to	PART	_	25 break	mark
25	break	break	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	23 difficult	xcomp
26	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 said	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	beg speech: request in a quote	present	the learned man = man	your pardon		vn beg-58.2-1-1 «NP V NP PP.Topic»: agent=Agent pardon=Recipient
2	say speech: assert	past	the learned man			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	learn	participle				vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	is a in a quote	present	pardon	a old habit		tree rules
5	is in a quote	present	a old habit		difficult property	tree rules
6	break in a quote	to-infinitive	a old habit not said here			vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient
7	pardon in a quote		your			nom pardon «act transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

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