Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Shadow, sentence 243
"It is certainly rather hard upon him, for he was a faithful servant," said the shadow; and he pretended to sigh.
Who acts: chance, wedding, faithful servant · What happens: be, say, pretend, sigh · To what, where: shadow · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Shadow. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chance, wedding, faithful servant), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 hard | punct |
| 2 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 hard | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 hard | cop |
| 4 | certainly | certainly | ADV | _ | 6 hard | advmod |
| 5 | rather | rather | ADV | _ | 6 hard | advmod |
| 6 | hard | hard | ADV | Degree=Pos | 18 said | advmod |
| 7 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 8 him | case |
| 8 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 hard | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 servant | punct |
| 10 | for | for | ADP | _ | 15 servant | case |
| 11 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 servant | nsubj |
| 12 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 servant | cop |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 servant | det |
| 14 | faithful | faithful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 servant | amod |
| 15 | servant | servant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 said | nsubj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 servant | punct |
| 17 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 15 servant | punct |
| 18 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 shadow | det |
| 20 | shadow | shadow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 said | obj |
| 21 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 24 pretended | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 pretended | cc |
| 23 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 pretended | nsubj |
| 24 | pretended | pretend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 said | conj |
| 25 | to | to | ADP | _ | 26 sigh | case |
| 26 | sigh | sigh | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 24 pretended | xcomp |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 18 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is in a quote | present | chance | upon wedding; certainly, hard property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | is in a quote | past | wedding | for a faithful servant | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | past | a faithful servant | the shadow | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent shadow=Topic | ||||
| 4 | pretend | past | wedding | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | sigh | infinitive | wedding not said here | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/165/243/