Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Snow Man, sentence 16

He had once been an indoor dog, and lay by the fire, and he had been hoarse ever since. "

Who acts: dog · What happens: have, be, lay · To what, where: indoor dog

This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Snow Man. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dog), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 had	nsubj
2	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	7 dog	advmod
4	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	7 dog	cop
5	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 dog	det
6	indoor	indoor	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 dog	amod
7	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 had	obj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 lay	punct
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 lay	cc
10	lay	lay	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 had	conj
11	by	by	ADP	_	13 fire	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 fire	det
13	fire	fire	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 lay	obl
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 ever	punct
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 ever	cc
16	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 ever	nsubj
17	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	20 ever	aux
18	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	20 ever	cop
19	hoarse	hoarse	ADV	_	20 ever	advmod
20	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	21 since	advmod
21	since	since	ADV	_	2 had	advmod
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 had	punct
23	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 had	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	have	past	dog		since property	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	is a	participle		a indoor dog	once property	tree rules
3	lay	infinitive	dog not said here		by the fire	vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent by fire=Destination
4	is	past · perfect	dog		ever, hoarse property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/169/16/