Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Swan's Nest, sentence 11
A light shone far through the air, far over the lands of the earth; the swan, with the strong beating of his wings, scattered the twilight mists, and the starry sky was seen, and it was as if it came nearer to the earth.
Who acts: light, twilight, sky · What happens: shine, scatter, mist, see, be, beat · To what, where: light, air, starry sky, wings
This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Swan's Nest. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (light, twilight, sky), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 light | det |
| 2 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 scattered | nsubj |
| 3 | shone | shine | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 light | acl |
| 4 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 3 shone | advmod |
| 5 | through | through | ADP | _ | 7 air | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 air | det |
| 7 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 shone | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 lands | punct |
| 9 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 12 lands | advmod |
| 10 | over | over | ADP | _ | 12 lands | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 lands | det |
| 12 | lands | land | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 light | conj |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 earth | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 earth | det |
| 15 | earth | earth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 lands | nmod |
| 16 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 18 swan | punct |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 swan | det |
| 18 | swan | swan | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 light | conj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 beating | punct |
| 20 | with | with | ADP | _ | 23 beating | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 beating | det |
| 22 | strong | strong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 beating | amod |
| 23 | beating | beating | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 light | conj |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 wings | case |
| 25 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 26 wings | nmod:poss |
| 26 | wings | wing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 beating | nmod |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 light | punct |
| 28 | scattered | scatter | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 twilight | det |
| 30 | twilight | twilight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 mists | nsubj |
| 31 | mists | mist | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 scattered | ccomp |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 seen | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 seen | cc |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 sky | det |
| 35 | starry | starry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 sky | amod |
| 36 | sky | sky | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 seen | nsubj:pass |
| 37 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 38 seen | aux:pass |
| 38 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 28 scattered | conj |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 came | punct |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 46 came | cc |
| 41 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 46 came | nsubj |
| 42 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 46 came | cop |
| 43 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 46 came | mark |
| 44 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 46 came | mark |
| 45 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 46 came | nsubj |
| 46 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 scattered | conj |
| 47 | nearer | near | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 46 came | xcomp |
| 48 | to | to | ADP | _ | 50 earth | case |
| 49 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 50 earth | det |
| 50 | earth | earth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 nearer | obl |
| 51 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 28 scattered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | shine | participle | a light and the lands of the earth and the swan and the strong beating of swan's wings not said here | the air | far property | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through air=Location | |||
| 2 | scatter | past | a light and the lands of the earth and the swan and the strong beating of swan's wings | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | mist | present | the twilight | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» | |||||
| 4 | see | past · passive | the starry sky | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus | |||||
| 5 | is a condition, not said to happen | past | sky | come, near property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | beat | swan's wings | nom beating «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/187/11/