Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Travelling Companion, part 1, sentence 99
"How dark the sky is becoming," said John; "and look at those thick, heavy clouds."
Who acts: dark sky, John · What happens: become, say, look · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Travelling Companion, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dark sky, John), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 becoming | punct |
| 2 | How | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 3 dark | advmod |
| 3 | dark | dark | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 sky | amod |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 sky | det |
| 5 | sky | sky | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 becoming | nsubj |
| 6 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 becoming | aux |
| 7 | becoming | become | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 10 said | ccomp |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 becoming | punct |
| 9 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 becoming | punct |
| 10 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | John | John | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 said | nsubj |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 10 said | punct |
| 13 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 said | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 look | cc |
| 15 | look | look | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 said | conj |
| 16 | at | at | ADP | _ | 21 clouds | case |
| 17 | those | that | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 21 clouds | det |
| 18 | thick | thick | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 clouds | amod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 thick | punct |
| 20 | heavy | heavy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 clouds | amod |
| 21 | clouds | cloud | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 look | obl |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 15 look | punct |
| 23 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 15 look | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | become in a quote | present · progressive | the dark sky | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | John | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | look in a quote | infinitive | John not said here | at that thick heavy clouds | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at cloud=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/196/99/