Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, Two Maidens, sentence 18
"I presume you have never heard of what is called 'European necessity?'" observed the honest Measuring Tape. "
Who acts: elder, you · What happens: presume, not hear, call, observe · To what, where: European necessity, honest Measuring Tape · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Two Maidens. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (elder, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 presume | punct |
| 2 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 3 presume | nsubj |
| 3 | presume | presume | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 4 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 7 heard | nsubj |
| 5 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 heard | aux |
| 6 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 7 heard | advmod |
| 7 | heard | hear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 presume | ccomp |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 what | case |
| 9 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 11 called | nsubj:pass |
| 10 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 called | aux:pass |
| 11 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 heard | ccomp |
| 12 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 14 necessity | punct |
| 13 | European | European | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 necessity | amod |
| 14 | necessity | necessity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 called | xcomp |
| 15 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 14 necessity | punct |
| 16 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 14 necessity | punct |
| 17 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 necessity | punct |
| 18 | observed | observe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 heard | conj |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 Tape | det |
| 20 | honest | honest | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 Tape | amod |
| 21 | Measuring | measuring | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 Tape | compound |
| 22 | Tape | tape | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 observed | obj |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 presume | punct |
| 24 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 presume | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | presume in a quote | infinitive | the elder = elder | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 2 | not hear in a quote | present · perfect | you | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 3 | call in a quote | present · passive | European necessity | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | |||||
| 4 | observe | past | you not said here | the honest Measuring Tape | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent tape=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/200/18/