Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Ugly Duckling, sentence 144
Early in the morning, a peasant, who was passing by, saw what had happened.
Who acts: peasant · What happens: pass by, see, happen · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Ugly Duckling. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (peasant), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Early | early | ADV | Degree=Pos | 4 morning | advmod |
| 2 | in | in | ADP | _ | 4 morning | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 morning | det |
| 4 | morning | morning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 saw | obl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 peasant | punct |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 peasant | det |
| 7 | peasant | peasant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 morning | appos |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 passing | punct |
| 9 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 11 passing | nsubj |
| 10 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 passing | aux |
| 11 | passing | pass | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 7 peasant | acl |
| 12 | by | by | ADP | _ | 11 passing | fixed |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 morning | punct |
| 14 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 15 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 17 happened | nsubj |
| 16 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 happened | aux |
| 17 | happened | happen | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 14 saw | ccomp |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 14 saw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pass by | past · progressive | a peasant | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | see | past | morning | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 3 | happen | past · perfect | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/201/144/