Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Ugly Duckling, sentence 158
From a thicket close by came three beautiful white swans, rustling their feathers, and swimming lightly over the smooth water.
Who acts: thicket · What happens: come, rustle, swim · To what, where: three beautiful white swans, feathers, smooth water
This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Ugly Duckling. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thicket), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | From | from | ADP | _ | 3 thicket | case |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 thicket | det |
| 3 | thicket | thicket | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 came | nsubj |
| 4 | close | close | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 thicket | amod |
| 5 | by | by | ADP | _ | 4 close | fixed |
| 6 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 10 swans | nummod |
| 8 | beautiful | beautiful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 swans | amod |
| 9 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 swans | amod |
| 10 | swans | swan | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 came | obj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 rustling | punct |
| 12 | rustling | rustle | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 6 came | advcl |
| 13 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 feathers | nmod:poss |
| 14 | feathers | feather | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 rustling | obj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 swimming | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 swimming | cc |
| 17 | swimming | swim | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 12 rustling | conj |
| 18 | lightly | lightly | ADV | _ | 17 swimming | advmod |
| 19 | over | over | ADP | _ | 22 water | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 water | det |
| 21 | smooth | smooth | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 water | amod |
| 22 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 swimming | obl |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 came | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | past | a thicket | three beautiful white swans | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location swan=Theme | ||||
| 2 | rustle | gerund | a thicket not said here | swans's feathers | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location feather=Theme | ||||
| 3 | swim | gerund | a thicket not said here | the smooth water | lightly property | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over water=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/201/158/