Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Wild Swans, part 1, sentence 80

Drops of water lay upon them; whether they were dew-drops or tears no one could say.

Who acts: Drops, one · What happens: lay, be, tear, say · To what, where: dew drops · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Wild Swans, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Drops, one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Drops	drop	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 lay	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	3 water	case
3	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Drops	nmod
4	lay	lay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	upon	upon	ADP	_	6 them	case
6	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 lay	obl
7	;	;	PUNCT	_	13 drops	punct
8	whether	whether	SCONJ	_	13 drops	mark
9	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 drops	nsubj
10	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 drops	cop
11	dew	dew	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 drops	compound
12	-	-	PUNCT	_	11 dew	punct
13	drops	drop	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 lay	obl
14	or	or	CCONJ	_	15 tears	cc
15	tears	tear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 lay	conj
16	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	17 one	det
17	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 say	nsubj
18	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	19 say	aux
19	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	15 tears	ccomp
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 lay	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	lay	present	Drops of water		upon weeds = weed	vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent upon they=Destination
2	is a	past	Drops = drop	dew drops		tree rules
3	tear	present	Drops of water not said here			tree rules
4	say speech: assert	could	no one			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/208/80/