Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Wild Swans, part 2, sentence 28

Dark clouds came nearer, the gusts of wind told of a coming storm, while from a thick, heavy mass of clouds the lightning burst forth flash after flash.

Who acts: Dark clouds, lightning · What happens: come, tell, burst · To what, where: gusts, thick heavy mass, clouds · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Wild Swans, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Dark clouds, lightning), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dark	dark	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 clouds	amod
2	clouds	cloud	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 came	nsubj
3	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	nearer	near	ADV	Degree=Cmp	3 came	advmod
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 gusts	punct
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 gusts	det
7	gusts	gust	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 came	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 wind	case
9	wind	wind	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 gusts	nmod
10	told	tell	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 gusts	acl
11	of	of	ADP	_	14 storm	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 storm	det
13	coming	come	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	14 storm	amod
14	storm	storm	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 told	obl
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 mass	punct
16	while	while	SCONJ	_	22 mass	mark
17	from	from	ADP	_	22 mass	case
18	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	22 mass	det
19	thick	thick	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 mass	amod
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 thick	punct
21	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 mass	amod
22	mass	mass	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 came	obl
23	of	of	ADP	_	24 clouds	case
24	clouds	cloud	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 mass	nmod
25	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	26 lightning	det
26	lightning	lightning	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 burst	nsubj
27	burst	burst	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	24 clouds	acl:relcl
28	forth	forth	ADV	_	29 flash	advmod
29	flash	flash	ADJ	Degree=Pos	27 burst	xcomp
30	after	after	ADP	_	31 flash	case
31	flash	flash	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 burst	obl
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 came	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	past	Dark clouds	the gusts of wind	a thick heavy mass of clouds		near property	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from mass=Initial_Location
2	tell speech: assert	participle		the gusts of wind not said here			of a coming storm	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	come	gerund						vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	burst	past	the lightning	clouds not said here		after flash	flash property	vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location cloud=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/209/28/