Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Darning-needle, sentence 6
There was a crack in the upper leather, which had to be sewn together.
Who acts: crack, upper leather · What happens: be, have, sew · To what, where: upper leather
This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Darning-needle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (crack, upper leather), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | There | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 2 was | expl |
| 2 | was | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 crack | det |
| 4 | crack | crack | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 was | nsubj |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 leather | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 leather | det |
| 7 | upper | upper | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 leather | amod |
| 8 | leather | leather | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 was | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 had | punct |
| 10 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 11 had | nsubj |
| 11 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 leather | acl:relcl |
| 12 | to | to | PART | _ | 14 sewn | mark |
| 13 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 14 sewn | aux:pass |
| 14 | sewn | sew | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 had | xcomp |
| 15 | together | together | ADV | _ | 14 sewn | advmod |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 was | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | be | past | a crack | the upper leather; there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in leather=Location | ||||
| 2 | have | past | the upper leather | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | sew | to-infinitive · passive | the upper leather not said here | together property | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle» |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/21/6/