Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Wild Swans, part 3, sentence 17
But she shook her head, and begged him, by looks and gestures, not to stay; for in this night she knew she must finish her task, otherwise all her pain and tears and sleepless nights would have been suffered in vain.
Who acts: Eliza, pain · What happens: shake, beg, not stay, know, finish, suffer · To what, where: head, king, night, task, tears, vain
This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Wild Swans, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Eliza, pain), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 3 shook | cc |
| 2 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 shook | nsubj |
| 3 | shook | shake | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 head | nmod:poss |
| 5 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 shook | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 begged | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 begged | cc |
| 8 | begged | beg | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 shook | conj |
| 9 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 begged | obj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 looks | punct |
| 11 | by | by | ADP | _ | 12 looks | case |
| 12 | looks | look | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 begged | obl |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 gestures | cc |
| 14 | gestures | gesture | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 looks | conj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 stay | punct |
| 16 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 18 stay | advmod |
| 17 | to | to | PART | _ | 18 stay | mark |
| 18 | stay | stay | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 12 looks | conj |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 28 finish | punct |
| 20 | for | for | ADP | _ | 23 night | case |
| 21 | in | in | ADP | _ | 23 night | case |
| 22 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 23 night | det |
| 23 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 finish | obl |
| 24 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 knew | nsubj |
| 25 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 night | acl:relcl |
| 26 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 finish | nsubj |
| 27 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 28 finish | aux |
| 28 | finish | finish | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 begged | parataxis |
| 29 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 30 task | nmod:poss |
| 30 | task | task | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 finish | obj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 pain | punct |
| 32 | otherwise | otherwise | ADV | _ | 35 pain | advmod |
| 33 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 35 pain | det |
| 34 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 35 pain | nmod:poss |
| 35 | pain | pain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 finish | conj |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 tears | cc |
| 37 | tears | tear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 44 suffered | nsubj:pass |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 nights | cc |
| 39 | sleepless | sleepless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 nights | amod |
| 40 | nights | night | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 tears | conj |
| 41 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 44 suffered | aux |
| 42 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 44 suffered | aux |
| 43 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 44 suffered | aux:pass |
| 44 | suffered | suffer | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 35 pain | acl:relcl |
| 45 | in | in | ADP | _ | 46 vain | case |
| 46 | vain | vain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 44 suffered | obl |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 shook | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | shake | past | Eliza | Eliza's head | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent head=Patient | ||||
| 2 | beg speech: request | past | Eliza not said here | king | by looks and gestures | vn beg-58.2-1-1 «NP V NP PP.Topic»: agent=Agent he=Recipient | |||
| 3 | not stay | to-infinitive | Eliza not said here | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | know | past | Eliza | this night not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer night=Stimulus | ||||
| 5 | finish | must | Eliza | Eliza's task | night | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector task=Eventuality | |||
| 6 | suffer | would · perfect · passive | Eliza's pain not said here | tears and sleepless nights | vain | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus | |||
| 7 | task | Eliza | nom task «act transitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 8 | pain | Eliza | nom pain «state transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/210/17/