Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Story of the Wind, sentence 128
I heard him sighing like a soul in despair; I heard him praying, and I noticed how he held his breath.
Who acts: I, master · What happens: hear, sigh, pray, notice, hold · To what, where: master, breath · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Story of the Wind. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, master), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 2 heard | nsubj |
| 2 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 heard | obj |
| 4 | sighing | sigh | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 2 heard | xcomp |
| 5 | like | like | ADP | _ | 7 soul | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 soul | det |
| 7 | soul | soul | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 sighing | obl |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 despair | case |
| 9 | despair | despair | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 sighing | obl |
| 10 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 12 heard | punct |
| 11 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 12 heard | nsubj |
| 12 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 heard | parataxis |
| 13 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 heard | obj |
| 14 | praying | pray | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 12 heard | xcomp |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 noticed | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 noticed | cc |
| 17 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 18 noticed | nsubj |
| 18 | noticed | notice | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 heard | conj |
| 19 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 21 held | advmod |
| 20 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 held | nsubj |
| 21 | held | hold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 noticed | ccomp |
| 22 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 breath | nmod:poss |
| 23 | breath | breath | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 held | obj |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 heard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past | I | master | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | sigh | gerund | master not said here | like a soul; in despair | vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in despair=Theme | ||||
| 3 | hear | past | I | master | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | pray | gerund | master not said here | vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot | |||||
| 5 | notice | past | I | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 6 | hold | past | master | master's breath | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent breath=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/212/128/