Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Story of the Year, sentence 1
It was near the end of January, and a terrible fall of snow was pelting down, and whirling through the streets and lanes; the windows were plastered with snow on the outside, snow fell in masses from the roofs.
Who acts: It, terrible fall, snow · What happens: be, pelt down, whirl, plaster, fall · To what, where: end, streets, windows, masses
This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Story of the Year. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (It, terrible fall, snow), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 end | nsubj |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 end | cop |
| 3 | near | near | ADP | _ | 5 end | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 end | det |
| 5 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 January | case |
| 7 | January | January | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 end | nmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 pelting | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 pelting | cc |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 fall | det |
| 11 | terrible | terrible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 fall | amod |
| 12 | fall | fall | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 pelting | nsubj |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 snow | case |
| 14 | snow | snow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 fall | nmod |
| 15 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 pelting | aux |
| 16 | pelting | pelt | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 5 end | appos |
| 17 | down | down | ADP | _ | 16 pelting | compound:prt |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 whirling | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 whirling | cc |
| 20 | whirling | whirl | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 16 pelting | conj |
| 21 | through | through | ADP | _ | 23 streets | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 streets | det |
| 23 | streets | street | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 whirling | obl |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 lanes | cc |
| 25 | lanes | lane | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 streets | conj |
| 26 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 30 plastered | punct |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 windows | det |
| 28 | windows | window | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 plastered | nsubj |
| 29 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 plastered | aux:pass |
| 30 | plastered | plaster | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 end | parataxis |
| 31 | with | with | ADP | _ | 32 snow | case |
| 32 | snow | snow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 plastered | obl |
| 33 | on | on | ADP | _ | 35 outside | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 outside | det |
| 35 | outside | outside | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 plastered | obl |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 fell | punct |
| 37 | snow | snow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 fell | nsubj |
| 38 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 plastered | conj |
| 39 | in | in | ADP | _ | 40 masses | case |
| 40 | masses | mass | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 fell | obl |
| 41 | from | from | ADP | _ | 43 roofs | case |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 roofs | det |
| 43 | roofs | roof | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 fell | obl |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 end | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | It | near the end; january | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | pelt down | past · progressive | a terrible fall of snow | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» | |||||
| 3 | whirl | gerund | a terrible fall of snow not said here | the streets and lanes | vn coil-9.6 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through street=Destination | ||||
| 4 | plaster | past · passive | the windows | with snow; on the outside | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP PP.co-patient PP.instrument»: subject=Patient with snow=Instrument on outside=Co-Patient | ||||
| 5 | fall | past | snow | masses | from the roofs | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in mass=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/214/1/