Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen, The Story of the Year, sentence 10
The frozen snow crackled under foot, and was quite firm enough to bear the sparrows, who hopped upon it in the morning dawn.
Who acts: frozen snow, sparrows · What happens: freeze, crackle, be, bear, hop · To what, where: frozen snow, foot, sparrows
This is a sentence of «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, The Story of the Year. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (frozen snow, sparrows), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 snow | det |
| 2 | frozen | freeze | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 snow | amod |
| 3 | snow | snow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 firm | nsubj |
| 4 | crackled | crackle | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 snow | acl |
| 5 | under | under | ADP | _ | 6 foot | case |
| 6 | foot | foot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 crackled | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 firm | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 firm | cc |
| 9 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 firm | cop |
| 10 | quite | quite | ADV | _ | 11 firm | advmod |
| 11 | firm | firm | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 12 | enough | enough | ADV | _ | 11 firm | advmod |
| 13 | to | to | PART | _ | 14 bear | mark |
| 14 | bear | bear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 firm | advcl |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 sparrows | det |
| 16 | sparrows | sparrow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 bear | obj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 hopped | punct |
| 18 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 19 hopped | nsubj |
| 19 | hopped | hop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 sparrows | acl:relcl |
| 20 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 21 it | case |
| 21 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 hopped | obl |
| 22 | in | in | ADP | _ | 25 dawn | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 dawn | det |
| 24 | morning | morning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 dawn | compound |
| 25 | dawn | dawn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 hopped | obl |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 firm | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | freeze | participle | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 2 | crackle | participle | the frozen snow not said here | foot | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under foot=Location | ||||
| 3 | is | past | the frozen snow | enough, firm property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | bear | to-infinitive | the frozen snow not said here | the sparrows | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sparrow=Patient | ||||
| 5 | hop | past | the sparrows | foot | dawn | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon it=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 27200 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg27200/214/10/